Conference Decision Week 1 Case Analysis Essay Example for Free

Conference Decision Week 1 Case Analysis Essay 1) Define the decision problem? This case describes the problem of an accounting system user’s conference cannot be held on time due to the Hurricane Katrina, and the management has to come up with a decision of either moving to a new location or to switch to other dates under all circumstances at a short period of time. 2) What is the general nature of the problem? The most significant aspect of the problem is that due to the Hurricane Katrina, the conference will probably not be held, and the last minute announcement of switching location will make the company lose customers and reputations due to the cancellation of flight and hotel and all other costs. 3) What event triggered the situation? In fact we see from the root, Hurricane Katrina triggered the situation which is an irresistible natural disaster. Actually I believe that the management board should be liable for this situation as well since the weather is foreseeable, why wouldn’t able for them to prevent this situation, for instance, they can make a plan B in case the unforeseen event happens. 4) What are the imposed constraints on the situation? The imposed constraints from the attendees who had prepaid the attendance fee  will have to decide if they will still go to the conference, the fact is that people might have to change or cancel their flight and hotel which might be a potential cost, or they are not coming at all which might affect company’s profit and reputation because if the location or dated has been rescheduled, they maybe not attend. Furthermore, things that considered being constraints are things cannot be controlled, such as the unforeseen natural disaster, hurricane. 5) What are the underlying elements of the problem? The underlying elements can be for instance, the city has been destroyed by the hurricane and it will cost some time to rebuilt the fundamental, also for the company, it takes time to reorganize the conference. During the process, the company might lose profit from the disaster. 6) Describe the dependencies on other decisions? Attendees are expecting the sponsor to make a satisfied decision with regarding to the current situation. However, it is easy to neglect important factors, miss desirable options, or base the decision on unreliable information. Company’s dependency is the profit lost from the prepaid attendance as well as the potential new customers. On the other hand, the conference attendance’s dependencies are looking for their business opportunities from the conference, and to find a better way to prevent the loose from not going to the conference.

Liberty University Bibl 323 John Module 4 Notes Essay Example for Free

Liberty University Bibl 323 John Module 4 Notes Essay People would live in booths, temporary shelters made of palm branches outside the city to remind them of God’s care for 40 years in the wilderness. Every Jewish male was expected to attend the feast. (Lev. 16:16). â€Å"Three times a year all your men must appear before the Lord your God at the place he will choose: at the Feast of Unleavened Bread, the Feast of Weeks and the Feasts of Tabernacles. No man should appear before the Lord empty-handed. † The 3 most important days in the Old Testament were not held on Saturday but on Sunday Seven plus one is John’s key phrase and here the three main feast feature seven days, Sabbath. Lev. 23:2–15). â€Å"Speak to the Israelites and say to them: ‘These are my appointed feasts, the appointed feast of the Lord, which you are to proclaim as sacred assemblies. The Lord’s Passover begins at twilight on the fourteenth day of the first month. For seven days present, an offering made to the Lord by fire. And on the seventh day hold a sacred assembly and do no regular work. ’ Speak to the Israelites and say to them: ‘When you enter the land I am going to give you and you reap its harvest, bring to the priest a sheaf of the first grain you harvest. He is to wave the sheaf before the Lord so it will be accepted on your behalf; the priest is to wave it on the day after the Sabbath. From the day after the Sabbath, the day you brought the sheaf of the wave offering, count off seven full weeks. ’† Then 7 weeks plus one day, i. e. , Pentecost, held on ____________________. Tabernacles (Lev. 23:34). â€Å"Say to the Israelites: ‘On the fifteenth day of the seventh month the Lord’s Feast of Tabernacles begins, and it lasts for seven days. Live in booths for seven days: All native born Israelites are to live in booths so your descendants will know that I had the Israelites live in booths when I brought them out of Egypt. I am the Lord your God. So beginning with the fifteenth day of the seventh month, after you have gathered the crops of the land, celebrate the festival to the Lord for seven days; the first day is a day of rest, and the eighth day also is a day of rest. On the first day you are to take choice fruit from the trees, and palm fronds, leafy branches, and poplars, and rejoice before the Lord your God for seven days. The first day is a sacred assembly; do no regular work. For seven days present offerings made to the Lord by fire, and on the eighth day hold a sacred assembly and present an offering made to the Lord by fire. It is the closing assembly do no regular work. † Passover Pentecost Booths April June October Planting Crops in ground Harvest Most attended Least attended Middle Lev. 23:5 Lev. 23:15ff Lev. 23:34ff 7 days plus 1 7 days times 7 plus 1 7 days plus 1 Feast of the First 7 weeks then 1 Fruits Cross Atonement Holy Spirit Future Kingdom Eight is the number of regeneration new things Holy Spirit Brethren, v. – adeiphoi Catholic and Jerome – his cousins Sons of Joseph by another marriage A group of Jesus’ followers Children of Joseph and Mary after Jesus. They had a least seven children. Matt. 13:55 â€Å"Isn’t this the carpenter’s son? Isn’t his mother’s name Mary, and aren’t his brothers James, Joseph, Simon, and Judas? A ren’t all his sisters with us? Where then did this man get all these things? † What were the bothers trying to do? They were being sarcastic Wanting fame from a famous brother Another of Satan’s attempts to kill Jesus prematurely En parresiai – openly – literally in boldness Timing (7:6–9). Therefore Jesus told them, ‘The right time for me has not yet come; for you any time is right. The world cannot hate you, but it hates me because I testify that what it does is evil. You go to the Feast. I am not yet going up to the Feast, because for me the right time has not yet come. ’ Having said this, he stayed in Galilee. † Time – karios – not the normal word hora – season Possibilities in resolving the problem Some accuse Jesus of falsehood Anabarino – I go up – in context ascending to Jerusalem in celebration of a completed task. He could not go up that way for His task was not completed I am not ready to do the tabernacle work yet The time for Jesus to celebrate the feast of Tabernacles will be At His return Hostilities (7:10–13). â€Å"However, after his brothers had left for the Feast, he went also, not publicly, but in secret. Now at the Feast the Jews were watching for him and asking, ‘Where is that man? ’ Among the crowds there was widespread whispering about him. Some said, ‘He is a good man. ’ Others replied, ‘No, he deceives the people. ’ But no one would say anything publicly about him for fear of the Jews. Secretly – kruptoi – is placed in contrast to public celebration. nvisible wear disguise on non-traveled paths Openly – phaneros 7:10, and parnessaoi 7:4, both come the root word to Tell it all Whispering – goggusmos – mummer – as they did In the wilderness Of believers – a good man Of non-believers – not a good man Half – He deceives people Jesu s is a divider of men Christ and His Heavenly Claims (7:14–39) His ____________________ (7:14–24). â€Å"Not until halfway through the Feast did Jesus go up to the temple courts and begin to teach. The Jews were amazed and asked, ‘How did this man get such learning without having studied? Jesus answered, ‘My teaching is not my own. It comes from him who sent me. If anyone chooses to do God’s will, he will find out whether my teaching comes from God or whether I speak on my own. He who speaks on his own does so to gain honor for himself, but he who works for the honor of the one who sent him is a man of truth; there is nothing false about him. Has not Moses given you the law? Yet not one of you keeps the law. Why are you trying to kill me? ’ ‘You are demon-possessed,’ the crowd answered. ‘Who is trying to kill you? ’ Jesus said to them, ‘I did one miracle, and you are all astonished. Yet, because Moses gave you circumcision (though actually it did not come from Moses, but from the patriarchs), you circumcise a child on the Sabbath. Now if a child can be circumcised on the Sabbath so that the law of Moses may not be broken, why are you angry with me for healing the whole man on the Sabbath? Stop judging by mere appearances, and make a right judgment. ’† Four claims of Jesus in the midst of the feast (7:14–24) Concerning His doctrine (7:14–24) My doctrine is from God (7:16) Doctrine is teaching Doctrine is the product teaching is the process I have preformed a miracle (7:21). Lame man to Bethesda Concerning His heavenly mission (7:25–36) I am from God (7:28). I will return to God (7:33). Will do His will – theisi poiein If a person’s moral purpose is in harmony with God’s will, then that person will come to know the truth of Jesus’ doctrine. Because of the attitude of â€Å"the Jews† they cannot meet this condition so they cannot understand His doctrine. Apparently the crowd did not know their leaders as they thought. It was unthinkable that the spiritual leaders of the day would plot to murder. They thought Jesus must be either paraniod or demon possessed The Sabbath law was not an absolute law a person could work under the right circumstance. If it were permissible to circumcise then why not to heal? This was not totally a new idea, Rabbi Eliezer, â€Å"If circumcision, which concerns one of a man’s 248 limbs, displaces the Sabbath, how much more must a man’s whole body (i. e. , if his life be in danger) displace the Sabbath† (Yoma 85b). Be angry – cholate – literally it is derivative from the word â€Å"gall† and literally means to be â€Å"full of bile†. The monstrous act that Jesus described was that 19 months earlier, He had healed a man on Saturday, who had been sick 38 years. Jesus had not only taken care of the physical but also the spiritual â€Å"problem. † His ____________________ (7:25–36). â€Å"At that point, some of the people of Jerusalem began to ask, ‘Isn’t this the man they are trying to kill? Here he is, speaking publicly, and they are not saying a word to him. Have the authorities really concluded that he is the Christ? But we know where this man is from; when the Christ comes, no one will know where he is from. ’ Then Jesus, still teaching in the temple courts, cried out, ‘Yes, you know me, and you know where I am from. I am not here on my own, but he who sent me is true. You do not know him, but I know him because I am from him and he sent me. ’ At this they tried to seize him, but no one laid a hand on him, because his time had not yet come. Still, many in the crowd put their faith in him. They said, ‘When the Christ comes, will he do more miraculous signs than this man? ’ The Pharisees heard the crowd whispering such things about him. Then the chief priests and the Pharisees sent temple guards to arrest him. Jesus said, ‘I am with you for only a short time, and then I go to the one who sent me. You will look for me, but you will not find me; and here I am, you cannot come. ’ The Jews said to one another, ‘Where does this man intend to go that we cannot find him? Will he go where our people live scattered among the Greeks, and teach the Greeks? What did he mean when he said, ‘You will look for me, but you will not find me,’ and ‘Where I am, you cannot come? ’† Verse 25 the plot t o kill Jesus was common knowledge Lerosolumeiton v. 25 – used only here and in Mark 1:15 refers specifically to the residents of Jerusalem as distinguished from both the crowds who invaded the city during the feast and the religious bureaucracy. Jewish tradition said that the coming of the Messiah would be veiled in mystery. Some though that the Messiah would not know who he was until he was anointed by Elijah. Therefore, because Jesus knew who He was He could not be the Messiah. Cried – with a loud voice. True v. 28 – alethinos – in the sense of genuineness rather than veracity. Still others in the crowd began to believe. v. 31. Response of the Pharisees Sent temple police to arrest him. Not Romans but Levitical police. v. 32. Sent spies out to gather evidence that could be used against Him in His trial. They did not report to the Sanhedrin until four days later. The Prophecy 7:35 – They unknowingly prophesied that Jesus should go to the diaspora, i. e. , Jews outside Palestine and to the Gentiles. Dispersed scattered. Gentiles means nations. a Latin phrase. This is exactly what the Early Church did, v. 35. His ____________________ (7:37–39). â€Å"On the last and greatest day of the Feast, Jesus stood and said in a loud voice, ‘If anyone is thirsty, let him come to me and drink. Whoever believes in me, as the Scripture has said, â€Å"Streams of living water will flow from within him. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ By this he meant the Spirit, whom those who believed in him were later to receive. Up to that time the Spirit had not been given, since Jesus had not yet been glorified. † Last day – sunday Holy Spirit Not spoken of until the Holy Ghost/Spirit For seven days, the nation had lived in booths to remind them of God’s provision for the nation of Israel For seven days they rejoiced in the ____________________. The eighth day was a special Sabbath sunday priest would draw water from the pool of Siloam and take it to the temple to the altar. The people began to sing (Isa. 12:3), â€Å"With joy you will draw water from the wells of salvation. † At this point Jesus began to preach: â€Å"Is anyone thirsty? . As they are singing and pouring water, Jesus disrupts the ceremony with a loud voice. Jesus is either lunatic or lord The invitation is come and drink Koilias – inward parts Organ of nourishment, ____________________. Organ of reproduction, ____________________. Organ of direction, ____________________. The hidden innermost recesses of the kardia (heart), the seat of the intellect, emotions, and will, i. e. , the real person. Whose koilias? ____________________. Out of the givers belly will flow living water. He spoke of the Holy Spirit as God pouring out. ___________________ – He that believes, will be in dwelt with the Holy Spirit and gives the fruits, gifts, and fullness. This refers to rivers not belly. Verse 39 is a footnote that explains and adds to the text. As the rock produced water that nourished Israel in the wilderness so shall the Holy Spirit fills us What the Holy Spirit brings indwells the believer – Romans 5:5 fills for service – Eph. 5:18 gives quality life – Gal. 5:22–33 illuminates – John 14:26 secures heaven – Eph. 1:13–14 The Response of the Multitude (7:40–53) Divided ____________________ (7:40–43). On hearing his words, some of the people said, ‘Surely this man is the Prophet. ’ Others said, ‘He is the Christ. ’ Still others asked, ‘How can the Christ come from Galilee? Does not the Scripture say that the Christ will come from David’s family and from Bethlehem, the town where David lived? ’ Thus the people were divided because of Jesus. † Jesus always divides the people into two groups – ____________________. People began to look at Jesus ____________________ after He disrupted the great procession. They did not really search His birthplace. They thought He was born In galilee Schisma – division – comes from the verb to rend. There is now a clear split in the crowd. He is either accepted or rejected No middle ground Divided officers (7:44–46). â€Å"Some wanted to seize him, but no one laid a hand on him. Finally the temple guards went back to the chief priests and Pharisees, who asked them, ‘Why didn’t you bring him in? ’ ‘No one ever spoke the way this man does,’ the guards declared. † What was true of the crowds was true of the officers they were divided Divided Sanhedrin (7:47–53). â€Å"‘You mean he has deceived you also? ’ the Pharisees retorted. ‘Has any of the rulers or of the Pharisees believed in him? No! But this mob that knows nothing of the law—there is a curse on them. ’ Nicodemus, who had gone to Jesus earlier and who was one of their own number, asked, ‘Does our law condemn anyone without first hearing him to find out what he is doing? ’ They replied, ‘Are you from Galilee, too? Look into it, and you will find that a prophet does not come out of Galilee. ’† Nicodemus was one of the leaders of the Jews who Believed on Jesus The response of the Pharisees may be interpreted in two ways. They may be urging Nicodemus to read the scriptures and see that no prophet had ever appeared in Galilee. This of course is not true. Jonah, Hosea, Nahum, Elijah, Elisha, and Amos came from Galilee. Jonah came from around Nazareth. â€Å"Search† did not refer to the Scriptures but the place. â€Å"From your knowledge of Galilee, is it the kind of place to produce a prophet? † The same attitude as Nathanael first had. Went to their own home – they had been living in booths and the feast was over so home. They went back to live in their houses. Jesus had confounded them. WhT ELSE COULD THEY DO. Review Why is Jesus called â€Å"the Heavenly One† in this chapter? Describe the Feast of Tabernacles. Why did Jesus’ half brothers want him to go to Jerusalem? Who were these brethren (v. 3–5)? Why did Jesus go up to this feast? What time of year was the Feast of Tabernacles? What did Jesus mean by the use of â€Å"belly†? What was the response of the multitude to Jesus’ action at the Feast of Tabernacles? Christ – The Light of the World Outline Chapter 8 Christ, the Lord of an Immoral Woman (8:1–11) A snare produced (8:1–6). â€Å"But Jesus went to the Mount of Olives. At dawn he appeared again in the temple courts; where all the people gathered around him, and he sat down to teach them. The teachers of the law and the Pharisees brought in a woman caught in adultery. They made her stand before the group and said to Jesus, ‘Teacher, this woman was caught in the act of adultery. In the Law Moses commanded us to stone such women. Now what do you say? ’ They were using this question as a trap, in order to have a basis for accusing him. But Jesus bent down and started to write on the ground with his finger. † Introduction There is a major textual problem in Chapter 8. 7:53–8:11 is missing in some ancient manuscripts. Some translations either put in a disclaimer or a footnote. Arguments for authenticity Internal argument It is consistent with the ____________________. It is consistent with the ____________________. Documents the story of the woman caught in adultery was cited in the third century Apostolic Constitutions. Church Fathers. It was considered authentic by Jerome, Ambrose, and Augustine. Augustine tells why it is missing – some he calls â€Å"weak in the faith† feared their wives would use it to ____________________. This was an obvious trap to put Jesus on the horns of a dilemma. Stone her – lose his title as ____________________. Let her go – be in opposition ____________________. Remember the situation. Vacation atmosphere may be easier for ____________________. Living in booths, easier to catch someone in the act of adultery or ____________________. Early morning – orthrou – ____________________. It was common for a Rabbi to teach ____________________. If they had been interested in justice they would have taken her ____________________. They brought only the woman. Normally she would have been taken to her husband, or even before a court. The word for adultery is micheumoen which always refers to sexual infidelity involving married people neither ____________________. She was put in the ____________________. Where is the man? The reference to the law of Moses was ____________________. Deut. 22:22–24, â€Å"If a man is found sleeping with another man’s wife, both the man who slept with her and the woman must die. † Stoning We often think of ____________________. The Greek word is for a stone about the ____________________. The person would be held down on the ground and the one who cast the first stone was ____________________. The Dilemma If Jesus had said release her, he would have – ____________________. If He said stone her, ____________________. ____________________. She had Broken the ____________________. Her word Her very character Broken ____________________. Broken ____________________. A sentence produced (8:6–11). â€Å"They were using this question as a trap, in order to have a basis for accusing him. But Jesus bent down and started to write on the ground with his finger. When they kept on questioning him, he straightened up and said to them, ‘If any one of you is without sin, let him be the first to throw a stone at her. ’ Again he stooped down and wrote on the ground. At this, those who heard began to go away one at a time, the older ones first, until only Jesus was left, with the woman still standing there. Jesus straightened up and asked her, ‘Woman, where are they? Has no one condemned you? ’ ‘No one, sir,’ she said. ‘Then neither do I condemn you,’ Jesus declared. ‘Go now and leave your life of sin. † Why write? To prove Jesus ____________________. Christ was ____________________ – Jesus did not need time to think. He was giving them time to think. â€Å"Lawgiver. † He wrote the first law on tablets of stone He is now telling the audience He has the right to ____________________. It was common for a teacher ____________________ as a visual aid. Two words for writing. Kategaphen – to write against. What did Jesus write? List of the ____________________. Armenian New Testament, â€Å"He himself, bowing His head, was writing with His finger on the earth to declare their sins; and they were seeing their several sins on the stones. † Jesus wrote the ____________________. Wrote the ____________________ who committed adultery with the woman. Wrote something about the ____________________. Egraphen – Jesus ____________________. Without sin – anamartetos One who has not sinned, or one who cannot sin although the latter meaning was never expressed in the New Testament. A. T. Roberston, â€Å"He who has not committed this same sin. † The one who is not in on this plot. Jewish leaders were all conspirators in this conflict. Being convicted by their own conscience – elegchomenoi – literally means to ____________________. The light was reminding these hardened scribes and Pharisees of their own history of sin. Katekrinen – to give judgment ____________________. Stoning was symbolic. Stoning by the Jews involved taking large rocks, raising them over one’s head with both hands and thrusting them down upon the victim. Sin no more – He condemned her sin but condoned her person. We condone ____________________. But condemn ____________________. Christ, the Light in Moral Darkness (8:12–30) Why light? ____________________ – four golden candelabras each with four golden bowls. The bowls had been filed with oil and lit. Contemporary observers claimed the light was so brilliant, it illuminated the entire city of Jerusalem. The memory would still be in the minds of his listeners. ____________________ that led Israel. â€Å"Light† is applied ____________________. ____________________ – He may have been teaching just before sunrise. Jesus, ____________________ which drove away the conspiring Pharisees and illuminated the heart of the woman taken in adultery. By revealing the Christ (8:12–20). When Jesus spoke again to the people, he said, ‘I am the light of the world. Whoever follows me will never walk in darkness, but will have the light of life. ’ The Pharisees challenged him, ‘Here you are, appearing as your own witness; your testimony is not valid. ’ Jesus answered, ‘Even if I testify on my own behalf, my testimo ny is valid, for I know where I came from and where I am going. But you have no idea where I come from or where I am going. You judge by human standards; I pass judgment on no one. But if I do judge, my decisions are right, because I am not alone. I stand with the Father, who sent me. In your own Law it is written that the testimony of two men is valid. I am one who testifies for myself; my other witness is the Father, who sent me. ’ Then they asked him, ‘Where is your father? ’ ‘You do not know me or my Father,’ Jesus replied. ‘If you knew me, you would know my Father also. ’ He spoke these words while teaching in the temple area near the place where the offerings were put. Yet no one seized him, because his time had not yet come. † According to the accepted rules of evidence one could not give witness for himself it must be verified in the presence of ____________________. There is life in light there is death in ____________________. The Pharisees said ouk alethes meaning his witness was not pertinent or irrelevant. It was like saying the sun is not shining if only one person sees it. The two witness of verse 16. Jesus Father Are There Not Twelve Hours In The Day? (11:9) The hour of the Son of Man’s shining (2:4; 12:23). The hour of the Savior’s suffering (7:30; 8:20; 17:1). The hour of the Seeker’s summons (1:39). The hour of the sinner’s salvation (4:6, 29). The hour of the supplicant’s certainty (4:52). The hour of the Saint’s service (19:27). The hour of the Shepherd’s sabbatical (13:1). The hour of the Soul’s sorrow (12:27; 16:21). The hour of the student’s scattering (16:32). The hour of the Sovereign’s showing (19:14). The hour of the son of God’s supremacy (5:25–29). (11:9) â€Å"Jesus answered, ‘are there not twelve hours of daylight? A man who walks by day will not stumble, for he sees by this world’s light. ’† Gegraptai – v. 17 perfect tense meaning it has been written in the past and stands written. By revealing the Father (8:21–27). â€Å"Once more Jesus said to them, ‘I am going away, and you will look for me, and you will die in your sin. Where I go, you cannot come. ’ This made the Jews ask, ‘Will he kill himself? Is that why he says, `Where I go, you cannot come’? ’ But he continued, ‘You are from below; I am from above. You are of this world; I am not of this world. I told you that you would die in your sins; if you do not believe that I am [the one I claim to be] you will indeed die in your sins. ’ ‘Who are you? ’ they asked. ‘Just what I have been claiming all along,’ Jesus replied. ‘I have much to say in judgment of you. But he who sent me is reliable, and what I have heard from him I tell the world. ’† The first use of sin is singular (8:21) hamartiai ____________________. Where as the second time He used the plural hamartiais (8:24) ____________________. Kill himself, v. 22 – it was widely held among Pharisees that anyone that killed himself would ____________________. By revealing the Cross (8:28–30). â€Å"So Jesus said, ‘When you have lifted up the Son of Man, then you will know that I am [the one I claim to be] and that I do nothing on my own but speak just what the Father has taught me. The one who sent me is with me; He has not left me alone, for I always do what pleases Him. ’ Even as He spoke, many put heir faith in Him. † Jesus constantly reminds them of the ____________________. He also constantly uses the term â€Å"____________________. † Here again Jesus refers to Himself, ____________________. People believed eis into Him ____________________. Christ – the Liberator of Moral Slavery (8:31–59) Bondage declared (8: 31–36). â€Å"To the Jews who had believed him, Jesus said, ‘If you hold to my teaching, you are really my disciples. Then you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free. ’ They answered him, ‘We are Abraham’s descendants and have never been slaves of anyone. How can you say that we shall be set free? Jesus replied, ‘I tell you the truth, everyone who sins is a slave to sin. Now a slave has no permanent place in the family, but a son belongs to it forever. So if the Son sets you free, you will be free indeed. ’† Jesus then talks to the believers. Some may have believed to salvation, v. 30. Others not, v. 31 – it is possible to be a professor and not ____________________ of salvation. True disciples are those who hold on to His teaching. Jews never in bondage. ____________________. ____________________. Jesus was not speaking of political bondage but ____________________. Doulos – slave to sin. cf. Romans chapters 6:6–8. Bondage explained (8:36–47). â€Å"‘So if the Son sets you free, you will be free indeed. I know you are Abraham’s descendants. Yet you are ready to kill me, because you have no room for my word. I am telling you what I have seen in the Father’s presence, and you do what you have heard from your father. ’ ‘Abraham is our father,’ they answered. ‘If you were Abraham’s children,’ said Jesus, ‘then you would do the things Abraham did. As it is, you are determined to kill me, a man who has told you the truth that I heard from God. Abraham did not do such things. You are doing the things your own father does. ‘We are not illegitimate children,’ they protested. ‘The only Father we have is God himself. ’ Jesus said to them, ‘If God were your Father, you would love me, for I came from God and now am here. I have not come on my own; but he sent me. Why is my language not clear to you? Because you are unable to hear what I say. You belong to your father, the devil, and you want to carry out your father’s desire. He was a murderer from the beginning, not holding to the truth, for there is no truth in him. When he lies, he speaks his native language, for he is a liar and the father of lies. Yet because I tell the truth, you do not believe me! Can any of you prove me guilty of sin? If I am telling the truth, why don’t you believe me? He who belongs to God hears what God says. The reason you do not hear is that you do not belong to God. ’† Free indeed, ____________________. Abraham was a friend of God so if we are his children, we are ____________________. Note the dialectic – they are Abraham’s ____________________, but Jesus is God’s ____________________. Not born of fornication – may be a jab about the birth of Jesus. There are only two possibilities. Jesus was either born through ____________________ or ____________________. The prophet Hosea disagreed with the Jews v. 41 he said the nation had become the ____________________. Hosea 1:9–2:4. Jesus says that they are children of Satan, v. 44. Outwardly religious inwardly ____________________. Bondage demonstrated (8:48–59). â€Å"The Jews answered him, ‘Aren’t we right in saying that you are a Samaritan and demon-possessed? ’ ‘I am not possessed by a demon,’ said Jesus, ‘but I honor my Father and you dishonor me. I am not seeking glory for myself; but there is one who seeks it, and he is the judge. I tell you the truth, if anyone keeps my word, he will never see death. ’ At this the Jews exclaimed, ‘Now we know that you are demon-possessed! Abraham died and so did the prophets, yet you say that if anyone keeps your word, he will never taste death. Are you greater than our father Abraham? He died, and so did the prophets. Who do you think you are? ’ Jesus replied, ‘If I glorify myself, my glory means nothing. My Father, whom you claim as your God, is the one who glorifies me. Though you do not know him, I know him. If I said I did not, I would be a liar like you, but I do know him and keep his word. Your father Abraham rejoiced at the thought of seeing my day; he saw it and was glad. ’ ‘You are not yet fifty years old,’ the Jews said to him, ‘and you have seen Abraham! ’ ‘I tell you the truth,’ Jesus answered, ‘before Abraham was born, I am! ’ At this, they picked up stones to stone him, but Jesus hid himself, slipping away from the temple grounds. ’† The Jews responded by name calling (good when no facts support your conclusions). ____________________ v. 48. One of the strongest insults one could make to a Jew. There was also a play on words in Aramaic, Shomeroni meaning Samaritan and Shomeroni could also mean â€Å"a child of the devil. † ____________________ v. 48. Abraham rejoiced to see my day. In Paradise before ____________________. From the gospel of Nicodemus and The Acts of Pilate Abraham rejoicing to see the light of the approaching Christ when Jesus descended into hell between the cross and the resurrection. Abraham rejoiced by faith knowing that Messiah would be ____________________. Abraham’s ____________________ in Genesis 15:8–21. His laugh at Isaac’s birth was not a laugh of unbelief but belief that the Messiah would come through Isaac. Gen. 24:1 – Abraham had a ____________________ into the future of the nation. Gen. 17:1, vision when Abram was ninety-nine years old, the Lord appeared to him and said, â€Å"I am God almighty; walk before me and be blameless. † ____________________ Genesis 18 Jesus ate with Abraham then later Abraham interceded before the destruction on the cities of the plains. Not 50 years old Could be his actual age – ____________________. 50 years was the age of Levitical retirement. The point you are not old enough to retire, much less ____________________. General term meaning old. I Am – they took up stones again – not little stones but big stones. They are in the middle of construction at the temple and there must have been many large stones around. They came first to stone a ____________________ and ended up trying to stone a ____________________. Review What two persons did the Jews want to stone? Why did Jesus write on the ground? Where was the man who was in adultery with the woman? What was the source of the statement, â€Å"I am the Light†? What did Jesus mean â€Å"without sin† (verse 7)? Who did Jesus suggest was the Father of the Jews? Why did the Jews call Jesus a Samaritan? How does this chapter prove the Deity of Jesus? How did Jesus pass through those attempting to stone Him? Christ – The Light of the World Chapter 9 The Healing of the Blind Man (9:1–7) â€Å"As he went along, he saw a man blind from birth. His disciples asked him, ‘Rabbi, who sinned, this man or his parents, that he was born blind? ’ ‘Neither this man nor his parents sinned,’ said Jesus, ‘but this happened so that the work of God might be displayed in his life. As long as it is day, we must do the work of him who sent me. Night is coming, when no one can work. While I am in the world, I am the light of the world. Having said this, he spit on the ground, made some mud with the saliva, and put it on the man’s eyes. ‘Go,’ he told him, ‘wash in the Pool of Siloam’ (this word means Sent). So the man went and washed, and came home seeing. † Introduction Two major themes, light and opposition. It begins wh en Jesus becomes the ____________________ to the man born blind and ends with the healed man receiving ____________________. The Jewish bureaucracy rejected the light and persecuted those who responded to the light. Compare chapters 8 and 9. Jesus the light – ____________________. Jesus the Liberator – ____________________. Jesus the sinless one – ____________________. Jesus the â€Å"I am – I AM† ____________________. Ballo, (8:59) aorist active subjunctive, suggesting that some had already begun to throw stones. They are willing to break the Sabbath to kill Jesus even while He was in the temple proper. How did Jesus hide Himself? He became ____________________. Blind ____________________. Jesus ____________________, or the ____________________ Jesus and the man with stones. You would think that Jesus would be running from the stones but instead as He walks out the gate He takes time to heal a blind beggar. He had put His trust in the Father. The beautiful gate faces north bronze doors with a vine on it. The gate kept the blind and lame ____________________. In this miracle the person healed has been blind from birth. The early Christian writers used this miracle as an ____________________. Question: Who sinned? If blind from birth then it was hard for the blindness ____________________. Several Old Testament passages say that the children will suffer the consequences of ____________________. Exodus 34:7 â€Å"Maintaining love to thousands, and forgiving wickedness, rebellion and sin. Yet he does not leave the guilty unpunished; he punishes the children and their children for the sins of the fathers to the third and fourth generation. † Num. 14:18 â€Å"The Lord is slow to anger, abounding in love and forgiving sin and rebellion. Yet he does not leave the guilty unpunished; he punishes the children for the sin of the fathers to the third and fourth generation. † Deut 5:9 â€Å"You shall not bow down to them or worship them; for I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God, punishing the children for the sin of the fathers to the third and fourth generation of those who hate me. † Jer. 1:29 â€Å"In those days people will no longer say, ‘The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children’s teeth are set on edge. Instead, everyone will die for his own sin; whoever eats sour grapes—his own teeth will be set on edge. ’† Eze. 18:2 â€Å"What do you people mean by quoting this proverb about the land of Israel: ‘Th e farther eat sour grapes, and the children’s teeth are set on edge? ’† A popular Jewish thought was that sin did not begin at birth but ____________________. The man had sinned prior to his birth. Pre-existence of souls. In their ____________________ they could sin. There are other reasons than sin for deformities. This man was born blind so ____________________. Why did Jesus use clay and spittle? Spittle was believed to have special ____________________. It was used in two miracles. Today when you hurt your finger, you put it in your mouth. Kneading clay with spittle is specifically forbidden by the Sabbath laws of the Jews. Jesus was again challenging the authority over ____________________. He is reminding that man was originally made from the ____________________. Why send the man so far to wash? The pool of Bethesda was much closer than the pool of Siloam. Wash – go ____________________ in the water of Siloam. The answer is seen in the typical significance of this pool from which water was drawn on the eighth day following the feast of Tabernacles. In that ceremony the waters of Siloam were likened unto ____________________. Isa. 12:3. Siloam means sent. One of Jesus’ names is Shiloah, i. e. , sent one, Genesis 49:10. To ____________________. Imagine a blind man with clay in his eyes trying to get to the pool ? of a mile away. After he washed he returned seeing. The Witness of the Blind Man (9:8–34) Introduction to this section. Verses of progression of faith. 11 – a man who is ____________________. 17 – ____________________. 31 – a ____________________ who does His will. 36, 38 – a ____________________. Progression of faith ____________________ Jesus (v. 11) Told ____________________ (v. 15) Testimony ____________________ (v. 25) ____________________ His faith (v. 30–33) Becomes a ____________________ (v. 36) Finally is a ____________________ (v. 38) Five descending steps away from faith. Weak faith (Romans 4:19–20) Little faith (Matthew 14) Faithless – natural Doubt Unbelief – the opposite of belief. Witness to his friends (9:8–12). His neighbors and those who had formerly seen him begging asked, ‘Isn’t this the same man who used to sit and beg? ’ Some claimed that he was. Others said, ‘No, he only looks like him. ’ But he himself insisted, ‘I am the man. ’ ‘How then were your eyes opened? â⠂¬â„¢ they demanded. He replied, ‘The man they call Jesus made some mud and put it on my eyes. He told me to go to Siloam and wash. So I went and washed, and then I could see. ’ ‘Where is this man? ’ they asked him. ‘I don’t know,’ he said. † Who used to observe him – theoreo theoroutes – present active participle. Some ____________________ â€Å"He is like him† – ouchi denoting a vigorous enial concerning the identity of the man. If people that knew him did not believe it was he, it is not surprising that the Pharisees later questioned if the man had ever been blind. The man knew ____________________ – aneblepsa – aorist active indicative of anablepo meaning to see and continue seeing. He did not know where Jesus was because after Jesus anointed his eyes with clay, the man walked ? of a mile and Jesus went His way. Witness to the Pharisees (9:13–18). â€Å"They brought to the Phari sees the man who had been blind. Now the day on which Jesus had made the mud and opened the man’s eyes was a Sabbath. Therefore the Pharisees also asked him how he had received his sight. ‘He put mud on my eyes,’ the man replied, ‘and I washed, and now I see. ’ Some of the Pharisees said, ‘This man is not from God, for he does not keep the Sabbath. ’ But others asked, ‘How can a sinner do such miraculous signs? ’ So they were divided. Finally they turned again to the blind man, ‘What have you to say about him? It was your eyes he opened. ’ The man replied, ‘He is a prophet. ’ The Jews still did not believe that he had been blind and had received his sight until they sent for the man’s parents. † If this was a miracle then the Jewish leaders needed to listen to Jesus. If they listen to Jesus they must ____________________. They must disprove the miracle so the Jewish leaders must stop talking to the man and go ____________________. Verse 16 Jesus brings ____________________. Witness to His family (9:18–23). â€Å"The Jews still did not believe that he had been blind and had received his sight until they sent for the man’s parents. ‘Is this your son? ’ they asked. ‘Is this the one you say was born blind? How is it that now he can see? ’ ‘We know he is our son,’ the parents answered, ‘and we know he was born blind. But how he can see now, or who opened his eyes, we don’t know. Ask him. He is of age; he will speak for himself. ’ His parents said this because they were afraid of the Jews, for already the Jews had decided that anyone who acknowledged that Jesus was the Christ would be put out of the synagogue. That was why his parents said, ‘He is of age; ask him. ’† The three question asked the parents Is this ____________________? Was he ____________________? How does he ____________________? These three questions come out as one in the Greek, perhaps in an attempt to confuse the parents into making a misstatement. They are looking for some loophole. The parents are scared to death – ephobounto – they feared (9:22) is imperfect middle and refers to ____________________. They are probably thrilled that this son is healed but not the prospect of excommunication from the synagogue. They will not even stand up for their child. Put out of the synagogue. Ostracized in the Jewish community living in Jerusalem, that meant ____________________. Three kinds or stages of excommunication. ____________________ – lasted from seven to thirty days, and to some degree shunned. ____________________ – at least thirty days up to sixty days. Often accompanied by curses and sometimes proclaimed with the blasting of a horn. Everyone would stay six to seven feet away from them and if they dies stones were thrown at the coffin. ____________________ – indefinite time – treated as if they were dead. No communication at all. It seems the man healed will be cast out before the day is over. Witness to His foes (9:24–34). â€Å"A second time they summoned the man who had been blind. ‘Give glory to God,’ they said. ‘We know this man is a sinner. ’ He replied, ‘Whether he is a sinner or not, I don’t know. One thing I do know. I was blind but now I see! Then they asked him, ‘What did he do to you? How did he open your eyes? ’ He answered, ‘I have told you already and you did not listen. Why do you want to hear it again? Do you want to become his disciples, too? ’ Then they hurled insults at him and said, ‘You are this fellow’s disciple ! We are disciples of Moses! We know that God spoke to Moses, but as for this fellow, we don’t even know where he comes from. ’ The man answered, ‘Now that is remarkable! You don’t know where he comes from, yet he opened my eyes. We know that God does not listen to sinners. He listens to the godly man who does his will. Nobody has ever heard of opening the eyes of a man born blind. If this man were not from God, he could do nothing. ’ To this they replied, ‘You were steeped in sin at birth; how dare you lecture us! ’ And they threw him out. † The progression of opposition. Stage one – people ____________________ (vs. 8–9) Stage two – people are ____________________. Stage three – they attack ____________________ (v. 16). Stage four – they create ____________________. Stage five – ____________________ – you are dumb. Stage six – they accuse you of ____________________. Stage seven – ____________________. Revile – more than verbal abuse, ____________________. Give God the praise – an insinuation that ____________________ in context was an idiom meaning, â€Å"Speak the truth in the presence and the name of God. † First used by Joshua speaking to Achan calling on him to confess his sin to the nation. Joshua 7:19, â€Å"Then Joshua said to Achan, ‘My son, give glory to the Lord, the God of Israel, and give him the praise. Tell me what you have done; do not hide if from me. ’† The amazing thing is that this man refuses to deny the miracle and he ____________________. The man’s argument is based upon three commonly held views. God does not answer ____________________. God does and will hear the prayers of those ____________________. No one ever had before healed someone born ____________________. If Jesus was not from God ____________________. The man is cast out Threw him out ____________________. Excommunicated – cast out – it did not take a formal meeting of the whole Sanhedrin, as few as ten men could meet to sentence a man this way. The Worship of the Blind Man (9:35–41) â€Å"Jesus heard that they had thrown him out, and when he found him, he said, ‘Do you believe in the Son of Man? ’ ‘Who is he, sir? ’ the man asked. Tell me so that I may believe in him. ’ Jesus said, ‘You have now seen him; in fact, he is the one speaking with you. ’ Then the man said, ‘Lord, I believe,’ and he worshiped him. Jesus said, ‘For judgment I have come into this world, so that the blind will see and those who see will become blind. â⠂¬â„¢ Some Pharisees who were with him heard him say this and asked, ‘What? Are we blind too? ’ Jesus said, ‘If you were blind, you would not be guilty of sin; but now that you claim you can see, your guilt remains. ’† Word got around and Jesus found him. Note Jesus does not use Son of God but ____________________. Do you believe? suggests an ____________________ in the Greek. â€Å"You do believe, don’t you? † The man did not know what to believe or who to believe in. Worshiped – here prosekunesen – ____________________. The blind shall see and the sighted ____________________. Review At what location did healing of the blind man take place? Give three ways Jesus might have hid himself? Give three reasons Jesus may have used clay to heal? How did the faith of the blind man grow? What three questions were asked of the parents? How was the healed man excommunicated? What are the seven stages of opposition to Jesus? What does the blind man do when he meets Jesus?

Hurler Syndrome Disease

Hurler Syndrome Disease Hurlers Syndrome In a persons body every substance is important and should present the right amount of itself to function properly. In this case a very rare inherited disease of metabolism is when a person cannot break down long chains of sugar molecules called glycosaminoglycans. This disease is known as Hurlers Syndrome which is part of a larger group of diseases more commonly referred to as MPS. Other names for Hurlers Syndrome are alpha-L-iduronate, Mucopolysaccharidoss Type 1, and MPS1H. Other MPS diseases are Hurler Scheie Syndrome, which is a milder feature of Hurler Syndrome, Maroteaux-Lamy Syndrome, whose features are very similar to Hurler Syndrome and Sly Syndrome, whose phenotype is similar to that of Hurler Syndrome. Unfortunately, there are many more syndromes within the MPS disease category. Hurlers Syndrome is named after Gertrud Hurler, who was the doctor that described both a boy and a girl with the condition in 1919. Dr. Scheie was a consultant ophthalmologist and in 1962 he wrote about some of his patients who were less severely affected than those previously diagnosed by Dr. Hurler. Those patients who could not be clearly diagnosed as either the severe or milder end of the disease were said to have Hurler Scheie Syndrome. When you have Hurlers Syndrome, your body does not make a substance called lysosomal alpha-L-iduronidase. This means that a person without lysosomal alpha-L-iduronidase cannot break down long chains of sugar molecules which are used in the building of connective tissues in the body. The sugar molecules are usually found in mucus and in fluid around a persons joints. â€Å"There is a continuous process in the body of replacing used materials and breaking them down for disposal.† What does break down long chains of sugar molecules is a substance called alpha-L-iduronidase enzyme. â€Å"This is essential in cutting up the mucopolysaccharides called dermatan and heparin sulphate. The incompletely broken down mucopolysaccharides remain stored in cells in the body causing progressive damage.† A result of not having the alpha-L-iduronidase enzyme is that glycosaminoglycans will build up and damage a persons heart and organs. Symptoms of this disease can be mild or very severe. Hurlers Syndrome is a disease inherited from both parents which means that both parents have to pass the gene to their child in order for the child to have the disease and any child of any race can have it. When a child is born you cannot really tell that they have the disease because they appear healthy at birth. â€Å"Babies may show little sign of the disease, but as more and more cells become damaged, symptoms start to appear.† Most of the symptoms are thick coarse facial features with low nasal bridge, halted growth, progressive mental retardation, cloudy corneas, deafness, joint disease including stiffness, heart valve problems, abnormal bones in the spine, chronic runny nose, hernia, speech problems, hyper activity, depression, pain, and clawed hands. Most people do not notice the facial symptoms until the child is at the age of two. To tell if a person has Hurlers Syndrome, doctors usually do a simple urine test. The test would show extra mucopolysaccharides, but docto rs would not be able to tell what form of MPS that the person has. Thus, Hurlers Syndrome is not diagnosed until many other conditions have been looked into and after which more specific tests have been performed. This is usually done when the child is about six to twenty-four months of age. To treat Hurlers Syndrome, a person would have to have enzyme replacement surgery which helps the body make alpha-L-iduronidase or have a bone marrow transplant to prevent retardation and that only improves some of the symptoms and should be done at a very young age. Scientists state that it is better for a child with the disease to have this surgery at a young age because they will have a better chance of living longer. A person can also have a stem cell transplant surgery and if this surgery is successful many symptoms of the disease are stopped. Seventy-five percent of those whose transplants are from siblings or other close family members have a higher rate of survival than those whose donors are not as closely matched. Many children with a heart disease caused by Hurlers Syndrome cannot have these surgeries due to the fact that their heart is not strong enough to help recover after any surgery. Any other treatments that can treat Hurlers Syndrome depend on the organs which are a ll infected. â€Å"For those children whose diagnosis came too late in the progression of the disease to be eligible for transplant, there is still some hope in a newly approved enzyme replacement therapy.† Young children with Hurlers Syndrome usually end up with nervous system problems and will have the chance of dying at a young age. Experts say that couples with the history of Hurlers Syndrome in their family or any other disease should be tested before they think about having children of their own. Today there is no actual cure for Hurlers Syndrome, but the MPS society is working very hard to find a cure for it. â€Å"About 1 in 160 people are carriers, which result in about a 1 in 25,000 chance of two carriers meeting. Since this disease is so rare the chance of having a partner who is another carrier is very slight provided their partner is not a cousin or other close family member.† Since Hurlers Syndrome is a recessive gene there are only 1 in 4 chances that a child will suffer this disease if their parents are carriers. In this case 1 out of 100,000 children are affected with this rare disease. â€Å"The unaffected children have a 2 in 3 chance of being carriers like their parents, and a 1 in 3 chance of being a normal non-carrier.† The oldest survivor of Hurlers Syndrome is currently in his early twenties and is standing strong, however, most people affected with this disease do not live past the age of twelve.

How to Achieve World Domination :: Process Essays Dominating Essays

How to Achieve World Domination Are you tired of the grind? Do you long for easier days? Do you grow weary of lesser people who have struggled to the top and are now telling you what to do? Are you out of high school or soon will be? Are you mad all the time? If you answered yes to these questions you may be ready to embark on the job of a lifetime, a no holds barred quest to fulfill your every desire. But wait! It's not just a job; it's complete and total control over a select group of people. In this high tech fast paced rewarding career you not only get to subserviate those around you into whimpering masses, but also get to see your dreams come to fruition through long and complicated acts of deviousness. Beautiful buxom women will flock to you and your new-found power. You'll have confidence, no stress and the perks of dealing harshly with what bugs you will lead you to a life of fulfillment and relief and many nights of peaceful slumber knowing that those who you once held in disrespect you now hold in the palm of your hands. What is this hallowed of hallowed jobs that will prove once and for all who is the alpha male? What is this rewarding path that will show you the country and get your demands met at the same time? The push of a button could reap you millions in cash. Leaders will tremble at your name. If you have what it takes: an iron fist, a will of steel or even buns of cinnamon, you too can be a part of the booming field of brand new despots. Act fast, uproot your life and follow these tips, and you too can become AN EVIL OVERLORD! GETTING STARTED Lesson one- Do it for yourself! You may have seen recent movies in which actors have portrayed "Evil" doctors, leaders, and even flat out thugs. But as all things out of Hollywood, these stories are tainted with the capitalist greed that makes for a good movie. Strangely the very people who are giving us these "outlandish" characters are the people whom we can turn to for prime examples of underhanded dealings and a lack of decency which all-good evil leaders posses. They are right, their characters are wrong. These film villains are always beaten; they usually lack an air of class, and furthermore are many times out for simple money or a bleeding heart special cause.

Science of Flavors :: essays research papers

Abstract:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The flavor of food is what compels us to eat certain items. The taste sensations of different food combinations are at time mesmerizing. The restaurant industry has long been based on tending to the need of the consumer, feeding them good food. As economic times change, there are more appearances of chain casual dining restaurants. Consequently, the change brought a need of consistency of food products. Food science is a field where the study of people and food. The field has been contributing immensely to the successful expansion of the chain restaurant industry. The science of flavor has proven to be extremely marketable and flavorful. Science of Flavors And the Restaurant Industry   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The restaurant industry has long been established on the service of good food. Stand alone restaurants bringing the fine and new flavorful cuisines are very hard to come by nowadays. The massive trend of chain casual dining restaurants is in effect, and it does not seem to be slowing down. Since the chain system of restaurants works on brand recognition there is a standard system for every aspect of the restaurants niche that each establishment must follow. In addition, since these casual dining establishments work on a volume base commission, they need to produce good food, fast; furthermore, each dish needs to be the same every time. The consistency of the food throughout every chain establishment produces a problem in the casual dining nation, which is why all the franchises are turning to the science of food; in other words, food science. Food science has been producing phenomenal feats throughout the restaurant industry. The study of food and people’s perception of flavors has proven to be very marketable throughout the casual dining sector. The Science of Flavors First and foremost an diminutive understanding of flavor is necessary. Flavor is a complex mixture of sensory input of the food being eaten. The composed sensory input is: taste (gustation); smell (olfaction); tactile sensations; and visual sensations. Although people may use the word â€Å"taste† to mean â€Å"flavors† in the strict sense it is applicable only to the sensation arising from specialized taste cells in the mouth. Those taste cells are the taste detectors distributed all throughout the tongue. The taste detectors are specialized configurations commonly referred to as taste buds. (Margolskee, Smith 2001) Usually the first step in food consumption and much of food’s flavor is perceived through the olfacotory impression on the mind.

Thomas Hardys Tragic Stories Essay -- Biography Biographies Essays

Thomas Hardy's Tragic Stories For centuries, various writers have endeavored to encapsulate the constituents of tragedy, and create works of literature that adhere to their understanding of an ostensibly universal system of tragic structure, tragic plot, and tragic theme. Nevertheless, the etymology of the word, "tragedy," proves to be as elusive and arcane as the tragic construct is seemingly concrete and unequivocal; indeed, the word, "tragedy," can be traced to the Greek word, "tragoidia," which literally means, "goat-song." We do not know whether actors in the Choral Odes read their lines clad in goatskins, or if goats were bestowed as prizes; we do know, however, that Aristotle reconfigured the more bucolic play tradition, and, in his Poetics, developed a technique founded on the tradition of regal grandeur, sweeping scope, and cosmic power. Thomas Hardy, one of the few Victorian tragic prose writers, undoubtedly draws from the tradition of Aristotelian Greek tragedy. Nevertheless, our thesis expresses skepticism in the precision and alacrity with which Hardy is equated with tragedy and conventional tragic form. In a post-Shakespearean nineteenth-century world, writers were acquainted with two tragic traditions: Greek and Christian. The Greek tragic tradition is founded upon the ritual feasting of Dionysus (or the Roman version, Bacchus); the Christian mystery play tradition is rooted in the Passion of Christ. Both traditions bind themselves inextricably to forces larger than themselves - either to gods and goddesses, or to the Holy Trinity - and structure their plays around the rituals inherent in these traditions. Hardy's own novels comprise elements of both Greek and Christian tragic conventions, thus elici... ...on tragedy from The Life and Work of Thomas Hardy Bibliography Bloom, Harold. Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human. New York: Riverhead Books, 1998. Brereton, Geoffrey. Principles of Tragedy: A Rational Examination of the Tragic Concept in Life and Literature. Florida: University of Miami Press, 1969. Gibson, James. Thomas Hardy: Interviews and Recollections. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999. Hardy, Thomas. The Life and Work of Thomas Hardy. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 1985. Kramer, Dale. Thomas Hardy: The Forms of Tragedy. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1975. Krook, Dorothy. Elements of Tragedy. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969. Margeson, J.M.R. The Origins of English Tragedy. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1967. Page, Norman. Oxford Reader's Companion to Hardy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

Obesity as a Social and Medical Problem Essay

Obesity has become an epidemic in our over indulgent North American society. In addition to body image issues, obesity causes significant health issues. Society often views the word obesity to be a disease when it is actually a sign of a disorder; genetic or environmental. The percentage of our population that is growing overweight is increasing every year, and can become a very serious issue if it is not dealt with more urgently. Problems relating to self-confidence, self-consciousness, and isolation can occur as a result. An enduring problem in today’s society, especially with children, has to deal with sociality. Public appearance is very important to us and when we don’t look good, or have a low self-esteem, it can lead to further issues; possibly fatal. Those with the â€Å"obese† label have to deal with social problems every single day. The fact they don’t look â€Å"normal† causes them to not fit in with the â€Å"regular crowd† and can lead to isolation issues. Being isolated from the majority of the population can lead to problems such as depression and later on, suicide. Another big influence on social problems relating to obesity is the media. Every day at some time, somewhere, we are watching TV, reading the newspaper, or searching the web. The media tends to give labels and meaning to words in which we get influenced on. The view that the media portrays to us is that if you are a certain weight, you are obese; and vice-versa. Another problem with the media is the amount of time our society spends on it. Time consumed on useless media takes away from time spent doing productive activities such as exercising. However, the corruption in social patterns relating to obesity isn’t the only problem. Another big factor stands on the medical side. Obesity is a risk in a number of prolonged diseases. Maintaining a healthy weight is critical in order to reduce the risk of those diseases and additionally, improve your overall health. Many children and youth have fewer opportunities to be physically active at school as physical education classes and time spent being physically active at school have been reduced. Being overweight or obese has many risks involved. Serious conditions such as a stroke, high blood pressure, and Type 2 diabetes, can occur as a result; just to name a few. Linked with health problems is a poor diet. Variations in our food environment have made it challenging to maintain a healthy weight. Society tends to want to eat more fast-food rather than cooking at home because it is cheaper and less time-consuming. We have become lazy when it comes to our diets. We don’t take into consideration the Food Guide and basically eat what we want, when we want. Obesity is also a major drain on the economy. The amount of money being spent on health care because of obesity-related diseases is astronomical. The Globe and Mail had an article headlined, â€Å"Obesity costs economy up to $7-billion a year†. By eating right and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, our society can cut down economic costs drastically. All we need to have is some discipline, the proper diet, and exercise. Numerous children today are spending less time exercising and more time in front of the TV, computer, or video-game console. Even worse, some schools have banned the use of balls used at recess. An article in the Toronto Star explained why such a peculiar ban took place at Earl Beatty Public School, â€Å"The letter stated that there have been a â€Å"few serious incidents† in which staff and students have been hit, or come close to being struck, by flying balls. Not only are we lacking in exercise, the catalyst for running around at recess has now been taken away for some. This issue is going to further decrease the amount of physical activity kids partake in, and increase the possibilities of obesity. Commuting to and from work also contributes to obesity when you consider that in order to get by, mo st families need to have at least two incomes. People often have to commute long distances to jobs, and with the minimal time for meal preparation, fast foods become a number one option. Furthermore, having supermarkets, as well as other grocery stores open all night, more money is being spent on expensive, half-prepared meals. Children need to have a healthy example with their parents being physically active and eating healthy. Preventing children from becoming overweight means adapting to the way your family eats and exercises. Many believe that it is the parents fault when it comes to child obesity, and they’re correct. Children don’t have the discipline to eat â€Å"healthy† foods and aren’t capable of preparing home-made meals. It is the parent’s job to influence and lead the way for our youth. If parents set a better example health-wise for their children, it is highly doubtful that the percentage of obesity would be even remotely close to where it is now. Managing and preventing obesity can lead to many societal benefits. Having healthy, positive-minded people in our cities is always encouraging. Managing obesity can lessen the stress that occurs at work, as well as create a friendlier environment. Having a good work environment has shown to raise productivity, therefore creating better capital. Another optimistic result from obesity management in society is the discipline factor. If those that are overweight can overcome a huge default in their life, by working hard and staying focused, it will then translate into other aspects of their day-to-day lives. Our society will become that of a disciplined one, therefore work will become more productive because there is better focus on the tasks at hand; furthermore, children in school will become more confident because of how hard they worked as well as their new self-image. Overall, if our world can manage and prevent obesity, living can ultimately consist more of positive vibes and less of anxiety. In conclusion, it is clear we have a serious issue with obesity that impacts many aspects of people’s lives. It is an austere condition that doesn’t get monitored with enough concern. Possibilities such as Type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure are the two leading causes from being overweight. Medical, as well as social research can help people further comprehend that weight and obesity issues are vastly social, not individual. We have to start working together on fighting obesity. We are a lazy society and we tend to make things harder than they really are. If society works together to help those in need by giving them the courage and confidence needed to make a personal change, this unnecessary burden called obesity can be upheld. It all starts with the right diet as well as exercise and a strong commitment. As little as ten minutes a day on the bike can improve one’s health. The ball is in our court, and stronger action needs to be taken. We need to start now because the benefits to individuals as well as society are well worth the effort.